Sclerotherapy For Hemorrhoids: Safe Relief Without Surgery
Sclerotherapy is a minimally invasive medical procedure commonly used to treat internal hemorrhoids, especially in the earlier stages. If you have been experiencing persistent rectal bleeding or discomfort that hasn’t improved with dietary changes or home remedies, sclerotherapy may be a recommended next step. This treatment works by shrinking hemorrhoidal tissue from the inside, reducing symptoms without the need for surgery.
As part of the broader range of medical treatments for hemorrhoids, sclerotherapy balances effectiveness with a low risk profile, making it a popular outpatient option for both patients and clinicians.
What Is Sclerotherapy?
Sclerotherapy is a procedure in which a chemical solution, known as a sclerosant, is injected directly into the hemorrhoid. This solution causes controlled irritation to the blood vessel lining, leading it to collapse and gradually scar closed. Once the blood supply is reduced, the hemorrhoid shrinks and symptoms such as bleeding and swelling improve.
This technique is most often used for internal hemorrhoids that are classified as Grade 1 or Grade 2. It is less effective for advanced or prolapsed hemorrhoids, where surgical options may be more appropriate.
Who Is a Good Candidate for Sclerotherapy?
Sclerotherapy is recommended for patients who continue to experience symptoms despite conservative management. You may be a suitable candidate if you have:
- Painless rectal bleeding during bowel movements
- Mild discomfort without significant prolapse
- Internal hemorrhoids not responding to fiber or topical treatments
- Medical conditions that make surgery higher risk
Before proceeding, a healthcare provider will rule out other causes of bleeding and confirm that hemorrhoids are the primary issue. This diagnostic step is essential to ensure appropriate treatment.
How the Sclerotherapy Procedure Is Performed
Sclerotherapy is typically performed in a doctor’s office and usually takes less than 10 minutes. No anesthesia is required in most cases. During the procedure, the patient lies on their side or in a knee-chest position. A small scope may be used to visualize the hemorrhoid clearly.
The physician then injects a measured amount of sclerosant solution into the hemorrhoidal tissue. Patients may feel slight pressure or mild discomfort, but significant pain is uncommon. After the injection, the patient can usually return home the same day.
Effectiveness and Success Rates
Sclerotherapy has been shown to significantly reduce bleeding and inflammation in early-stage hemorrhoids. Many patients report symptom improvement within days, with continued healing over the following weeks.
In some cases, multiple sessions may be needed to fully resolve symptoms. Compared to procedures like rubber band ligation, sclerotherapy tends to cause less post-procedure discomfort but may require repeat treatments for optimal results.
Benefits of Sclerotherapy for Hemorrhoids
One of the main advantages of sclerotherapy is its simplicity and safety. Key benefits include:
- Minimally invasive with no surgical incisions
- Performed quickly in an outpatient setting
- Low risk of complications
- Minimal recovery time
- Suitable for patients on blood thinners
These benefits make sclerotherapy an attractive option within the overall hemorrhoids treatment spectrum, particularly for individuals seeking relief without downtime.
Possible Risks and Side Effects
Although sclerotherapy is considered safe, like all medical procedures it carries some risks. Common side effects are usually mild and temporary, such as:
- Localized discomfort or pressure
- Mild swelling
- Temporary urge to have a bowel movement
Rare complications may include infection, ulceration, or allergic reaction to the sclerosant. Severe pain or fever after treatment should prompt immediate medical attention.
Recovery and Aftercare
Most patients can resume normal activities immediately after sclerotherapy. However, doctors often advise avoiding heavy lifting or straining for a few days. Maintaining soft stools is essential for optimal healing.
Helpful aftercare tips include:
- Drinking plenty of water
- Following a high-fiber diet
- Using stool softeners if recommended
- Avoiding prolonged sitting on the toilet
These steps help reduce pressure on the rectal veins and lower the risk of recurrence.
Sclerotherapy vs Other Hemorrhoid Treatments
When comparing sclerotherapy to other treatment options, it is important to consider hemorrhoid severity and individual health factors. For example, topical products may relieve itching but rarely address internal bleeding long-term. Procedures like infrared coagulation or banding may be more effective for larger hemorrhoids but often cause more discomfort.
Sclerotherapy sits between conservative care and surgical intervention, making it a valuable option for early-stage internal hemorrhoids. According to the Mayo Clinic, minimally invasive procedures like sclerotherapy are effective when lifestyle changes alone are insufficient.
Can Hemorrhoids Return After Sclerotherapy?
While sclerotherapy treats existing hemorrhoids, it does not eliminate underlying risk factors. Poor bowel habits, chronic constipation, and low-fiber diets can still lead to recurrence. Adopting long-term preventive strategies significantly improves outcomes.
Patients who continue healthy habits often experience long-lasting relief, making sclerotherapy a worthwhile investment in symptom management.
Final Thoughts
Sclerotherapy is a safe, efficient, and minimally invasive option for treating early-stage internal hemorrhoids. By shrinking hemorrhoidal tissue and reducing bleeding, it offers meaningful relief without surgery or extended recovery. When combined with proper diet and lifestyle changes, sclerotherapy can play a key role in long-term hemorrhoid management.
If symptoms persist or worsen, consultation with a healthcare provider will help determine whether additional treatments or alternative procedures are needed.